The Vertical Flow Labyrinth (VFL) wastewater treatment system is an advanced, compact solution designed to treat domestic wastewater from single homes to larger facilities, accommodating up to 800 PE (person equivalents). These systems ensure effective and reliable treatment, making the effluent safe for discharge or reuse.

How It Works

Pre-Treatment: In the first stage, wastewater enters a primary chamber where it is mechanically screened to remove large solids and debris. The initial chamber creates an anaerobic environment that helps reduce organic material and pre-treats the water by initiating the breakdown of pollutants.

Labyrinth Structure - Vertical Flow Process: The core of the VFL system is its vertical flow labyrinth design, which maximizes contact between the wastewater and beneficial microorganisms in a controlled aerobic environment. Wastewater flows through several vertical layers, moving in a zigzag pattern across baffles. This design ensures optimal exposure to the microbial community, which efficiently breaks down the organic matter through activated sludge processes. Oxygen is provided by an air compressor, which enhances microbial activity and promotes the effective degradation of pollutants.

Sludge Return: The sludge return acts as a recycling loop. After treatment, solid particles (sludge) settle at the bottom of the system. Instead of being immediately removed, a portion of the sludge is returned to the aeration chamber, where it helps maintain high microbial activity and ensures continuous biological treatment.

Final Clarification: As the wastewater passes through the vertical labyrinth, it undergoes sedimentation. Clarified water is collected at the outlet after the final stage of biological treatment, with suspended solids having settled out. The treated water is then ready for safe discharge into the environment or for reuse, such as for irrigation or soil infiltration

Maintenance

The VFL system requires minimal but essential maintenance to ensure smooth operation and longevity:

1. Annual Sludge Removal:

   • A sewage truck should be used once per year to pump out the accumulated sludge from the primary chamber. This prevents over-accumulation, which could affect the treatment process and system efficiency.

2. Periodic Functionality Checks:

   • It is important to inspect the system a few times per year to ensure all components are functioning properly, especially the labyrinth’s flow paths, the aeration system, and the sludge return mechanism.

3. Compressor Maintenance:

   • The compressor that supplies oxygen to the system will need regular checks. After a few years (typically 5–7 years), the compressor may need replacement, depending on its usage and environmental conditions. Keeping the compressor in good working condition is crucial for maintaining the biological treatment efficiency.

Comparison with Other Systems

Versus Compact Filters:
VFL systems are compact and can be used for bigger projects . However, these systems require electricity to run the compressor, while compact filters may operate without power, though they provide less effective treatment for high organic loads.

Versus Septic Tanks with Leach Fields:
Unlike traditional septic systems that rely on passive soil filtration, VFL systems ensures more efficient breakdown of organic matter. This reduces considerably issues such as soil clogging, odors, and frequent maintenance while improving effluent quality.

VFL waste water treatment plants

For 1 to 800 habitants